util/userfaultfd: Support /dev/userfaultfd

Teach QEMU to use /dev/userfaultfd when it existed and fallback to the
system call if either it's not there or doesn't have enough permission.

Firstly, as long as the app has permission to access /dev/userfaultfd, it
always have the ability to trap kernel faults which QEMU mostly wants.
Meanwhile, in some context (e.g. containers) the userfaultfd syscall can be
forbidden, so it can be the major way to use postcopy in a restricted
environment with strict seccomp setup.

Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>

util/trace-events

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ qemu_vfio_region_info(const char *desc, uint64_t region_ofs, uint64_t region_siz
 qemu_vfio_pci_map_bar(int index, uint64_t region_ofs, uint64_t region_size, int ofs, void *host) "map region bar#%d addr 0x%"PRIx64" size 0x%"PRIx64" ofs 0x%x host %p"
 
 #userfaultfd.c
+uffd_detect_open_mode(int mode) "%d"
 uffd_query_features_nosys(int err) "errno: %i"
 uffd_query_features_api_failed(int err) "errno: %i"
 uffd_create_fd_nosys(int err) "errno: %i"

util/userfaultfd.c

@@ -18,10 +18,42 @@
 #include <poll.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+typedef enum {
+    UFFD_UNINITIALIZED = 0,
+    UFFD_USE_DEV_PATH,
+    UFFD_USE_SYSCALL,
+} uffd_open_mode;
 
 int uffd_open(int flags)
 {
 #if defined(__NR_userfaultfd)
+    static uffd_open_mode open_mode;
+    static int uffd_dev;
+
+    /* Detect how to generate uffd desc when run the 1st time */
+    if (open_mode == UFFD_UNINITIALIZED) {
+        /*
+         * Make /dev/userfaultfd the default approach because it has better
+         * permission controls, meanwhile allows kernel faults without any
+         * privilege requirement (e.g. SYS_CAP_PTRACE).
+         */
+        uffd_dev = open("/dev/userfaultfd", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (uffd_dev >= 0) {
+            open_mode = UFFD_USE_DEV_PATH;
+        } else {
+            /* Fallback to the system call */
+            open_mode = UFFD_USE_SYSCALL;
+        }
+        trace_uffd_detect_open_mode(open_mode);
+    }
+
+    if (open_mode == UFFD_USE_DEV_PATH) {
+        assert(uffd_dev >= 0);
+        return ioctl(uffd_dev, USERFAULTFD_IOC_NEW, flags);
+    }
+
     return syscall(__NR_userfaultfd, flags);
 #else
     return -EINVAL;