Merge tag 'migration-20231002-pull-request' of https://gitlab.com/juan.quintela/qemu into staging

Migration Pull request (20231002)

In this migration pull request:

- Refactor repeated call of yank_unregister_instance (tejus)
- More migraton-test changes

Please, apply.

# -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
#
# iQIzBAABCAAdFiEEGJn/jt6/WMzuA0uC9IfvGFhy1yMFAmUatX4ACgkQ9IfvGFhy
# 1yMlbQ/+Kp7m1Mr5LUM/8mvh9LZTVvWauBHch1pdvpCsJO+Grdtv6MtZL5UKT2ue
# xYksZvf/rT4bdt2H1lSsG1o2GOcIf4qyWICgYNDo8peaxm1IrvgAbimaWHWLeORX
# sBxKcBBuTac55vmEKzbPSbwGCGGTU/11UGXQ4ruGN3Hwbd2JZHAK6GxGIzANToZc
# JtwBr/31SxJ2YndNLaPMEnD3cHbRbD2UyODeTt1KI5LdTGgXHoB6PgCk2AMQP1Ko
# LlaPLsrEKC06h2CJ27BB36CNVEGMN2iFa3aKz1FC85Oj2ckatspAFw78t9guj6eM
# MYxn0ipSsjjWjMsc3zEDxi7JrA///5bp1e6e7WdLpOaMBPpV4xuvVvA6Aku2es7D
# fMPOMdftBp6rrXp8edBMTs1sOHdE1k8ZsyJ90m96ckjfLX39TPAiJRm4pWD2UuP5
# Wjr+/IU+LEp/KCqimMj0kYMRz4rM3PP8hOakPZLiRR5ZG6sgbHZK44iPXB/Udz/g
# TCZ87siIpI8YHb3WCaO5CvbdjPrszg1j9v7RimtDeGLDR/hNokkQ1EEeszDTGpgt
# xst4S4wVmex2jYyi53woH4V1p8anP7iqa8elPehAaYPobp47pmBV53ZaSwibqzPN
# TmO7P9rfyQGCiXXZRvrAQJa+gmAkQlSEI7mSssV77pU+1gdEj9c=
# =hD/8
# -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
# gpg: Signature made Mon 02 Oct 2023 08:20:14 EDT
# gpg:                using RSA key 1899FF8EDEBF58CCEE034B82F487EF185872D723
# gpg: Good signature from "Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>" [full]
# gpg:                 aka "Juan Quintela <quintela@trasno.org>" [full]
# Primary key fingerprint: 1899 FF8E DEBF 58CC EE03  4B82 F487 EF18 5872 D723

* tag 'migration-20231002-pull-request' of https://gitlab.com/juan.quintela/qemu:
  migration/rdma: Simplify the function that saves a page
  migration: Remove unused qemu_file_credit_transfer()
  migration/rdma: Don't use imaginary transfers
  migration/rdma: Remove QEMUFile parameter when not used
  migration/RDMA: It is accounting for zero/normal pages in two places
  migration: Don't abuse qemu_file transferred for RDMA
  migration: Use qemu_file_transferred_noflush() for block migration.
  migration: Refactor repeated call of yank_unregister_instance
  migration-test: simplify shmem_opts handling
  migration-test: dirtylimit checks for x86_64 arch before
  migration-test: Add bootfile_create/delete() functions
  migration-test: bootpath is the same for all tests and for all archs
  migration-test: Create kvm_opts

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

migration/block.c

@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ static int block_save_setup(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque)
 static int block_save_iterate(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque)
 {
     int ret;
-    uint64_t last_bytes = qemu_file_transferred(f);
+    uint64_t last_bytes = qemu_file_transferred_noflush(f);
 
     trace_migration_block_save("iterate", block_mig_state.submitted,
                                block_mig_state.transferred);
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ static int block_save_iterate(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque)
     }
 
     qemu_put_be64(f, BLK_MIG_FLAG_EOS);
-    uint64_t delta_bytes = qemu_file_transferred(f) - last_bytes;
+    uint64_t delta_bytes = qemu_file_transferred_noflush(f) - last_bytes;
     return (delta_bytes > 0);
 }
 

migration/migration-stats.c

@@ -61,8 +61,9 @@ void migration_rate_reset(QEMUFile *f)
 uint64_t migration_transferred_bytes(QEMUFile *f)
 {
     uint64_t multifd = stat64_get(&mig_stats.multifd_bytes);
+    uint64_t rdma = stat64_get(&mig_stats.rdma_bytes);
     uint64_t qemu_file = qemu_file_transferred(f);
 
-    trace_migration_transferred_bytes(qemu_file, multifd);
-    return qemu_file + multifd;
+    trace_migration_transferred_bytes(qemu_file, multifd, rdma);
+    return qemu_file + multifd + rdma;
 }

migration/migration-stats.h

@@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ typedef struct {
      * Maximum amount of data we can send in a cycle.
      */
     Stat64 rate_limit_max;
+    /*
+     * Number of bytes sent through RDMA.
+     */
+    Stat64 rdma_bytes;
     /*
      * Total number of bytes transferred.
      */

migration/migration.c

@@ -1703,15 +1703,11 @@ void qmp_migrate(const char *uri, bool has_blk, bool blk,
     } else if (strstart(uri, "fd:", &p)) {
         fd_start_outgoing_migration(s, p, &local_err);
     } else {
-        if (!resume_requested) {
-            yank_unregister_instance(MIGRATION_YANK_INSTANCE);
-        }
         error_setg(&local_err, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "uri",
                    "a valid migration protocol");
         migrate_set_state(&s->state, MIGRATION_STATUS_SETUP,
                           MIGRATION_STATUS_FAILED);
         block_cleanup_parameters();
-        return;
     }
 
     if (local_err) {

migration/qemu-file.c

@@ -322,23 +322,20 @@ void ram_control_load_hook(QEMUFile *f, uint64_t flags, void *data)
     }
 }
 
-size_t ram_control_save_page(QEMUFile *f, ram_addr_t block_offset,
-                             ram_addr_t offset, size_t size,
-                             uint64_t *bytes_sent)
+int ram_control_save_page(QEMUFile *f, ram_addr_t block_offset,
+                          ram_addr_t offset, size_t size)
 {
     if (f->hooks && f->hooks->save_page) {
-        int ret = f->hooks->save_page(f, block_offset,
-                                      offset, size, bytes_sent);
-
+        int ret = f->hooks->save_page(f, block_offset, offset, size);
+        /*
+         * RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_* are negative values
+         */
         if (ret != RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_DELAYED &&
             ret != RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_NOT_SUPP) {
-            if (bytes_sent && *bytes_sent > 0) {
-                qemu_file_credit_transfer(f, *bytes_sent);
-            } else if (ret < 0) {
+            if (ret < 0) {
                 qemu_file_set_error(f, ret);
             }
         }
-
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -400,11 +397,6 @@ static ssize_t coroutine_mixed_fn qemu_fill_buffer(QEMUFile *f)
     return len;
 }
 
-void qemu_file_credit_transfer(QEMUFile *f, size_t size)
-{
-    f->total_transferred += size;
-}
-
 /** Closes the file
  *
  * Returns negative error value if any error happened on previous operations or

migration/qemu-file.h

@@ -49,11 +49,10 @@ typedef int (QEMURamHookFunc)(QEMUFile *f, uint64_t flags, void *data);
  * This function allows override of where the RAM page
  * is saved (such as RDMA, for example.)
  */
-typedef size_t (QEMURamSaveFunc)(QEMUFile *f,
-                                 ram_addr_t block_offset,
-                                 ram_addr_t offset,
-                                 size_t size,
-                                 uint64_t *bytes_sent);
+typedef int (QEMURamSaveFunc)(QEMUFile *f,
+                              ram_addr_t block_offset,
+                              ram_addr_t offset,
+                              size_t size);
 
 typedef struct QEMUFileHooks {
     QEMURamHookFunc *before_ram_iterate;
@@ -119,14 +118,6 @@ bool qemu_file_buffer_empty(QEMUFile *file);
  */
 int coroutine_mixed_fn qemu_peek_byte(QEMUFile *f, int offset);
 void qemu_file_skip(QEMUFile *f, int size);
-/*
- * qemu_file_credit_transfer:
- *
- * Report on a number of bytes that have been transferred
- * out of band from the main file object I/O methods. This
- * accounting information tracks the total migration traffic.
- */
-void qemu_file_credit_transfer(QEMUFile *f, size_t size);
 int qemu_file_get_error_obj_any(QEMUFile *f1, QEMUFile *f2, Error **errp);
 void qemu_file_set_error_obj(QEMUFile *f, int ret, Error *err);
 void qemu_file_set_error(QEMUFile *f, int ret);
@@ -150,9 +141,8 @@ void ram_control_load_hook(QEMUFile *f, uint64_t flags, void *data);
 #define RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_NOT_SUPP -1000
 #define RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_DELAYED  -2000
 
-size_t ram_control_save_page(QEMUFile *f, ram_addr_t block_offset,
-                             ram_addr_t offset, size_t size,
-                             uint64_t *bytes_sent);
+int ram_control_save_page(QEMUFile *f, ram_addr_t block_offset,
+                          ram_addr_t offset, size_t size);
 QIOChannel *qemu_file_get_ioc(QEMUFile *file);
 
 #endif

migration/ram.c

@@ -1186,31 +1186,19 @@ static int save_zero_page(PageSearchStatus *pss, QEMUFile *f, RAMBlock *block,
 static bool control_save_page(PageSearchStatus *pss, RAMBlock *block,
                               ram_addr_t offset, int *pages)
 {
-    uint64_t bytes_xmit = 0;
     int ret;
 
-    *pages = -1;
     ret = ram_control_save_page(pss->pss_channel, block->offset, offset,
-                                TARGET_PAGE_SIZE, &bytes_xmit);
+                                TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
     if (ret == RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_NOT_SUPP) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (bytes_xmit) {
-        ram_transferred_add(bytes_xmit);
-        *pages = 1;
-    }
-
     if (ret == RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_DELAYED) {
+        *pages = 1;
         return true;
     }
-
-    if (bytes_xmit > 0) {
-        stat64_add(&mig_stats.normal_pages, 1);
-    } else if (bytes_xmit == 0) {
-        stat64_add(&mig_stats.zero_pages, 1);
-    }
-
+    *pages = ret;
     return true;
 }
 

migration/rdma.c

@@ -2029,7 +2029,7 @@ static int qemu_rdma_exchange_recv(RDMAContext *rdma, RDMAControlHeader *head,
  * If we're using dynamic registration on the dest-side, we have to
  * send a registration command first.
  */
-static int qemu_rdma_write_one(QEMUFile *f, RDMAContext *rdma,
+static int qemu_rdma_write_one(RDMAContext *rdma,
                                int current_index, uint64_t current_addr,
                                uint64_t length)
 {
@@ -2124,9 +2124,18 @@ retry:
                     return -EIO;
                 }
 
+                /*
+                 * TODO: Here we are sending something, but we are not
+                 * accounting for anything transferred.  The following is wrong:
+                 *
+                 * stat64_add(&mig_stats.rdma_bytes, sge.length);
+                 *
+                 * because we are using some kind of compression.  I
+                 * would think that head.len would be the more similar
+                 * thing to a correct value.
+                 */
                 stat64_add(&mig_stats.zero_pages,
                            sge.length / qemu_target_page_size());
-
                 return 1;
             }
 
@@ -2234,8 +2243,17 @@ retry:
 
     set_bit(chunk, block->transit_bitmap);
     stat64_add(&mig_stats.normal_pages, sge.length / qemu_target_page_size());
+    /*
+     * We are adding to transferred the amount of data written, but no
+     * overhead at all.  I will asume that RDMA is magicaly and don't
+     * need to transfer (at least) the addresses where it wants to
+     * write the pages.  Here it looks like it should be something
+     * like:
+     *     sizeof(send_wr) + sge.length
+     * but this being RDMA, who knows.
+     */
+    stat64_add(&mig_stats.rdma_bytes, sge.length);
     ram_transferred_add(sge.length);
-    qemu_file_credit_transfer(f, sge.length);
     rdma->total_writes++;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2247,7 +2265,7 @@ retry:
  * We support sending out multiple chunks at the same time.
  * Not all of them need to get signaled in the completion queue.
  */
-static int qemu_rdma_write_flush(QEMUFile *f, RDMAContext *rdma)
+static int qemu_rdma_write_flush(RDMAContext *rdma)
 {
     int ret;
 
@@ -2255,7 +2273,7 @@ static int qemu_rdma_write_flush(QEMUFile *f, RDMAContext *rdma)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    ret = qemu_rdma_write_one(f, rdma,
+    ret = qemu_rdma_write_one(rdma,
             rdma->current_index, rdma->current_addr, rdma->current_length);
 
     if (ret < 0) {
@@ -2328,7 +2346,7 @@ static inline int qemu_rdma_buffer_mergable(RDMAContext *rdma,
  *    and only require that a batch gets acknowledged in the completion
  *    queue instead of each individual chunk.
  */
-static int qemu_rdma_write(QEMUFile *f, RDMAContext *rdma,
+static int qemu_rdma_write(RDMAContext *rdma,
                            uint64_t block_offset, uint64_t offset,
                            uint64_t len)
 {
@@ -2339,7 +2357,7 @@ static int qemu_rdma_write(QEMUFile *f, RDMAContext *rdma,
 
     /* If we cannot merge it, we flush the current buffer first. */
     if (!qemu_rdma_buffer_mergable(rdma, current_addr, len)) {
-        ret = qemu_rdma_write_flush(f, rdma);
+        ret = qemu_rdma_write_flush(rdma);
         if (ret) {
             return ret;
         }
@@ -2361,7 +2379,7 @@ static int qemu_rdma_write(QEMUFile *f, RDMAContext *rdma,
 
     /* flush it if buffer is too large */
     if (rdma->current_length >= RDMA_MERGE_MAX) {
-        return qemu_rdma_write_flush(f, rdma);
+        return qemu_rdma_write_flush(rdma);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -2782,7 +2800,6 @@ static ssize_t qio_channel_rdma_writev(QIOChannel *ioc,
                                        Error **errp)
 {
     QIOChannelRDMA *rioc = QIO_CHANNEL_RDMA(ioc);
-    QEMUFile *f = rioc->file;
     RDMAContext *rdma;
     int ret;
     ssize_t done = 0;
@@ -2803,7 +2820,7 @@ static ssize_t qio_channel_rdma_writev(QIOChannel *ioc,
      * Push out any writes that
      * we're queued up for VM's ram.
      */
-    ret = qemu_rdma_write_flush(f, rdma);
+    ret = qemu_rdma_write_flush(rdma);
     if (ret < 0) {
         rdma->error_state = ret;
         error_setg(errp, "qemu_rdma_write_flush returned %d", ret);
@@ -2942,11 +2959,11 @@ static ssize_t qio_channel_rdma_readv(QIOChannel *ioc,
 /*
  * Block until all the outstanding chunks have been delivered by the hardware.
  */
-static int qemu_rdma_drain_cq(QEMUFile *f, RDMAContext *rdma)
+static int qemu_rdma_drain_cq(RDMAContext *rdma)
 {
     int ret;
 
-    if (qemu_rdma_write_flush(f, rdma) < 0) {
+    if (qemu_rdma_write_flush(rdma) < 0) {
         return -EIO;
     }
 
@@ -3225,13 +3242,12 @@ qio_channel_rdma_shutdown(QIOChannel *ioc,
  *
  *    @size : Number of bytes to transfer
  *
- *    @bytes_sent : User-specificed pointer to indicate how many bytes were
+ *    @pages_sent : User-specificed pointer to indicate how many pages were
  *                  sent. Usually, this will not be more than a few bytes of
  *                  the protocol because most transfers are sent asynchronously.
  */
-static size_t qemu_rdma_save_page(QEMUFile *f,
-                                  ram_addr_t block_offset, ram_addr_t offset,
-                                  size_t size, uint64_t *bytes_sent)
+static int qemu_rdma_save_page(QEMUFile *f, ram_addr_t block_offset,
+                               ram_addr_t offset, size_t size)
 {
     QIOChannelRDMA *rioc = QIO_CHANNEL_RDMA(qemu_file_get_ioc(f));
     RDMAContext *rdma;
@@ -3257,24 +3273,12 @@ static size_t qemu_rdma_save_page(QEMUFile *f,
      * is full, or the page doesn't belong to the current chunk,
      * an actual RDMA write will occur and a new chunk will be formed.
      */
-    ret = qemu_rdma_write(f, rdma, block_offset, offset, size);
+    ret = qemu_rdma_write(rdma, block_offset, offset, size);
     if (ret < 0) {
         error_report("rdma migration: write error! %d", ret);
         goto err;
     }
 
-    /*
-     * We always return 1 bytes because the RDMA
-     * protocol is completely asynchronous. We do not yet know
-     * whether an  identified chunk is zero or not because we're
-     * waiting for other pages to potentially be merged with
-     * the current chunk. So, we have to call qemu_update_position()
-     * later on when the actual write occurs.
-     */
-    if (bytes_sent) {
-        *bytes_sent = 1;
-    }
-
     /*
      * Drain the Completion Queue if possible, but do not block,
      * just poll.
@@ -3914,7 +3918,7 @@ static int qemu_rdma_registration_stop(QEMUFile *f,
     CHECK_ERROR_STATE();
 
     qemu_fflush(f);
-    ret = qemu_rdma_drain_cq(f, rdma);
+    ret = qemu_rdma_drain_cq(rdma);
 
     if (ret < 0) {
         goto err;

migration/trace-events

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ process_incoming_migration_co_postcopy_end_main(void) ""
 postcopy_preempt_enabled(bool value) "%d"
 
 # migration-stats
-migration_transferred_bytes(uint64_t qemu_file, uint64_t multifd) "qemu_file %" PRIu64 " multifd %" PRIu64
+migration_transferred_bytes(uint64_t qemu_file, uint64_t multifd, uint64_t rdma) "qemu_file %" PRIu64 " multifd %" PRIu64 " RDMA %" PRIu64
 
 # channel.c
 migration_set_incoming_channel(void *ioc, const char *ioctype) "ioc=%p ioctype=%s"

tests/qtest/migration-test.c

@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ static bool ufd_version_check(void)
 #endif
 
 static char *tmpfs;
+static char *bootpath;
 
 /* The boot file modifies memory area in [start_address, end_address)
  * repeatedly. It outputs a 'B' at a fixed rate while it's still running.
@@ -124,14 +125,47 @@ static char *tmpfs;
 #include "tests/migration/aarch64/a-b-kernel.h"
 #include "tests/migration/s390x/a-b-bios.h"
 
-static void init_bootfile(const char *bootpath, void *content, size_t len)
+static void bootfile_create(char *dir)
 {
+    const char *arch = qtest_get_arch();
+    unsigned char *content;
+    size_t len;
+
+    bootpath = g_strdup_printf("%s/bootsect", dir);
+    if (strcmp(arch, "i386") == 0 || strcmp(arch, "x86_64") == 0) {
+        /* the assembled x86 boot sector should be exactly one sector large */
+        g_assert(sizeof(x86_bootsect) == 512);
+        content = x86_bootsect;
+        len = sizeof(x86_bootsect);
+    } else if (g_str_equal(arch, "s390x")) {
+        content = s390x_elf;
+        len = sizeof(s390x_elf);
+    } else if (strcmp(arch, "ppc64") == 0) {
+        /*
+         * sane architectures can be programmed at the boot prompt
+         */
+        return;
+    } else if (strcmp(arch, "aarch64") == 0) {
+        content = aarch64_kernel;
+        len = sizeof(aarch64_kernel);
+        g_assert(sizeof(aarch64_kernel) <= ARM_TEST_MAX_KERNEL_SIZE);
+    } else {
+        g_assert_not_reached();
+    }
+
     FILE *bootfile = fopen(bootpath, "wb");
 
     g_assert_cmpint(fwrite(content, len, 1, bootfile), ==, 1);
     fclose(bootfile);
 }
 
+static void bootfile_delete(void)
+{
+    unlink(bootpath);
+    g_free(bootpath);
+    bootpath = NULL;
+}
+
 /*
  * Wait for some output in the serial output file,
  * we get an 'A' followed by an endless string of 'B's
@@ -707,9 +741,9 @@ static int test_migrate_start(QTestState **from, QTestState **to,
     g_autofree gchar *cmd_source = NULL;
     g_autofree gchar *cmd_target = NULL;
     const gchar *ignore_stderr;
-    g_autofree char *bootpath = NULL;
     g_autofree char *shmem_opts = NULL;
     g_autofree char *shmem_path = NULL;
+    const char *kvm_opts = NULL;
     const char *arch = qtest_get_arch();
     const char *memory_size;
 
@@ -722,17 +756,12 @@ static int test_migrate_start(QTestState **from, QTestState **to,
 
     got_src_stop = false;
     got_dst_resume = false;
-    bootpath = g_strdup_printf("%s/bootsect", tmpfs);
     if (strcmp(arch, "i386") == 0 || strcmp(arch, "x86_64") == 0) {
-        /* the assembled x86 boot sector should be exactly one sector large */
-        assert(sizeof(x86_bootsect) == 512);
-        init_bootfile(bootpath, x86_bootsect, sizeof(x86_bootsect));
         memory_size = "150M";
         arch_opts = g_strdup_printf("-drive file=%s,format=raw", bootpath);
         start_address = X86_TEST_MEM_START;
         end_address = X86_TEST_MEM_END;
     } else if (g_str_equal(arch, "s390x")) {
-        init_bootfile(bootpath, s390x_elf, sizeof(s390x_elf));
         memory_size = "128M";
         arch_opts = g_strdup_printf("-bios %s", bootpath);
         start_address = S390_TEST_MEM_START;
@@ -747,14 +776,11 @@ static int test_migrate_start(QTestState **from, QTestState **to,
                                       "until'", end_address, start_address);
         arch_opts = g_strdup("-nodefaults -machine vsmt=8");
     } else if (strcmp(arch, "aarch64") == 0) {
-        init_bootfile(bootpath, aarch64_kernel, sizeof(aarch64_kernel));
         memory_size = "150M";
         arch_opts = g_strdup_printf("-machine virt,gic-version=max -cpu max "
                                     "-kernel %s", bootpath);
         start_address = ARM_TEST_MEM_START;
         end_address = ARM_TEST_MEM_END;
-
-        g_assert(sizeof(aarch64_kernel) <= ARM_TEST_MAX_KERNEL_SIZE);
     } else {
         g_assert_not_reached();
     }
@@ -780,9 +806,10 @@ static int test_migrate_start(QTestState **from, QTestState **to,
             "-object memory-backend-file,id=mem0,size=%s"
             ",mem-path=%s,share=on -numa node,memdev=mem0",
             memory_size, shmem_path);
-    } else {
-        shmem_path = NULL;
-        shmem_opts = g_strdup("");
+    }
+
+    if (args->use_dirty_ring) {
+        kvm_opts = ",dirty-ring-size=4096";
     }
 
     cmd_source = g_strdup_printf("-accel kvm%s -accel tcg "
@@ -790,12 +817,11 @@ static int test_migrate_start(QTestState **from, QTestState **to,
                                  "-m %s "
                                  "-serial file:%s/src_serial "
                                  "%s %s %s %s %s",
-                                 args->use_dirty_ring ?
-                                 ",dirty-ring-size=4096" : "",
+                                 kvm_opts ? kvm_opts : "",
                                  memory_size, tmpfs,
                                  arch_opts ? arch_opts : "",
                                  arch_source ? arch_source : "",
-                                 shmem_opts,
+                                 shmem_opts ? shmem_opts : "",
                                  args->opts_source ? args->opts_source : "",
                                  ignore_stderr);
     if (!args->only_target) {
@@ -811,12 +837,11 @@ static int test_migrate_start(QTestState **from, QTestState **to,
                                  "-serial file:%s/dest_serial "
                                  "-incoming %s "
                                  "%s %s %s %s %s",
-                                 args->use_dirty_ring ?
-                                 ",dirty-ring-size=4096" : "",
+                                 kvm_opts ? kvm_opts : "",
                                  memory_size, tmpfs, uri,
                                  arch_opts ? arch_opts : "",
                                  arch_target ? arch_target : "",
-                                 shmem_opts,
+                                 shmem_opts ? shmem_opts : "",
                                  args->opts_target ? args->opts_target : "",
                                  ignore_stderr);
     *to = qtest_init(cmd_target);
@@ -863,7 +888,6 @@ static void test_migrate_end(QTestState *from, QTestState *to, bool test_dest)
 
     qtest_quit(to);
 
-    cleanup("bootsect");
     cleanup("migsocket");
     cleanup("src_serial");
     cleanup("dest_serial");
@@ -2624,15 +2648,7 @@ static int64_t get_limit_rate(QTestState *who)
 static QTestState *dirtylimit_start_vm(void)
 {
     QTestState *vm = NULL;
-    g_autofree gchar *cmd = NULL;
-    const char *arch = qtest_get_arch();
-    g_autofree char *bootpath = NULL;
-
-    assert((strcmp(arch, "x86_64") == 0));
-    bootpath = g_strdup_printf("%s/bootsect", tmpfs);
-    assert(sizeof(x86_bootsect) == 512);
-    init_bootfile(bootpath, x86_bootsect, sizeof(x86_bootsect));
-
+    g_autofree gchar *
     cmd = g_strdup_printf("-accel kvm,dirty-ring-size=4096 "
                           "-name dirtylimit-test,debug-threads=on "
                           "-m 150M -smp 1 "
@@ -2647,7 +2663,6 @@ static QTestState *dirtylimit_start_vm(void)
 static void dirtylimit_stop_vm(QTestState *vm)
 {
     qtest_quit(vm);
-    cleanup("bootsect");
     cleanup("vm_serial");
 }
 
@@ -2809,6 +2824,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                        g_get_tmp_dir(), err->message);
     }
     g_assert(tmpfs);
+    bootfile_create(tmpfs);
 
     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
 
@@ -2956,6 +2972,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     g_assert_cmpint(ret, ==, 0);
 
+    bootfile_delete();
     ret = rmdir(tmpfs);
     if (ret != 0) {
         g_test_message("unable to rmdir: path (%s): %s",